ls command is one of the most frequently used command during a Linux Session. Here are some ls command practical examples to make your Linux Command line experience more enjoyable and faster. Iam assuming that you know basic ls usage like ls -l, ls -a, ls -R etc.
Trick 1:
List Only directories in a Current Directory using ls -d */$ ls -d */ bootstrap/ Documents/ Music/ sandeep/ VirtualBox VMs/
Trick 2:
List Only hidden directories in a Current Directory using ls -d .*/$ ls -d .*/ ./ .gimp-2.8/ .mplayer/ .ssh/ ../ .gnome2/ .mysql/ .subversion/ .adobe/ .gnome2_private/ .nbi/ .swt/
Trick 3:
Display file size in human readable format using -h switch.$ ls -lh total 264K drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K Jan 20 14:54 bootstrap drwxrwxr-x 7 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K Mar 29 13:15 Calibre Library -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 4.8K Apr 20 17:36 C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt drwxrwxr-x 4 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K Mar 30 22:08 css3 drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K Apr 28 19:12 Desktop
Trick 4:
Sort files according to the modification time using -t switch.$ vim four.sh $ ls -lt total 264 -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 0 Apr 28 19:51 four.sh drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4096 Apr 28 19:12 Desktop drwxrwxrwx 37 rajkumar rajkumar 20480 Apr 24 20:07 Downloads
Note: In above example we have just modified four.sh, so it was displayed on the top of the list.
Note: To open last edited file with vim, type following command in terminal
$ vim `ls -t | head -1`
Trick 5:
List Files according to their size in descending using -S switch.$ ls -lSh total 264K -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 64K Apr 8 14:11 hs_err_pid3385.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 62K Apr 11 21:51 hs_err_pid4197.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 22K Oct 13 2012 fbcmd_update.php drwxrwxrwx 37 rajkumar rajkumar 20K Apr 24 20:07 Downloads
Trick 6:
List Files according to their size in ascending order using -rS switch.$ ls -lShr total 264K -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 0 Apr 28 19:58 four.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 25 Apr 18 12:12 spe.sh -rwxrwxrwx 1 rajkumar rajkumar 97 Apr 18 12:08 spe1.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 179 Jun 17 2012 examples.desktop -rwxrwxrwx 1 rajkumar rajkumar 228 Mar 3 08:56 if.py
Trick 7:
Consider a case in which you have to display time in a specified format like(YYYY-MM-DD), how to do it?. You can do it by using --time-style switch. Lets see few example to understand it.$ ls -lh --time-style=+"%Y-%B-%d" total 264K drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-January-20 bootstrap drwxrwxr-x 7 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-March-29 Calibre Library -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 4.8K 2013-April-20 C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt drwxrwxr-x 4 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-March-30 css3 drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-April-28 Desktop
Note: You can use any time format after + sign. Lets see another example
$ ls -lh --time-style=+"%Y-%B-%d %H:%M:%S" total 264K drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-January-20 14:54:29 bootstrap drwxrwxr-x 7 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-March-29 13:15:12 Calibre Library -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 4.8K 2013-April-20 17:36:00 C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt drwxrwxr-x 4 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-March-30 22:08:08 css3
Note: You can use some default option like long-iso, iso, locale etc.
$ ls -lh --time-style=long-iso total 264K drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-01-20 14:54 bootstrap drwxrwxr-x 7 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-03-29 13:15 Calibre Library -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar rajkumar 4.8K 2013-04-20 17:36 C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt drwxrwxr-x 4 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-03-30 22:08 css3 drwxr-xr-x 5 rajkumar rajkumar 4.0K 2013-04-28 19:12 Desktop
Trick 8:
Display one file per line using -1 switch.$ ls -1 0071765654_preassess.pdf 027__06__MAY12.pdf bash_cookbook(Oreilly).pdf bootstrap eclipse-php-3.0.2.v20120611144-x86.tar.gz iiitdpdf innovate.svg IPV6 IPv6 and the Future of the Internet.pdf
Trick 9:
Remember THOR film? Now you are thinking that why Iam talking about film here?. If you see it carefully than you will note that it is a nice trick to remember some of the options used with ls command. Another use of above trick is that you can use it to display files in reverse order of Modification time.$ ls -thor total 264K -rw-r--r-- 1 rajkumar 179 Jun 17 2012 examples.desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 rajkumar 4.0K Jun 17 2012 Music drwxrwxr-x 2 rajkumar 4.0K Aug 25 2012 wordpress theme drwxrwxr-x 2 rajkumar 4.0K Sep 6 2012 lectureplan -rw-rw-r-- 1 rajkumar 22K Oct 13 2012 fbcmd_update.php drwxr-xr-x 3 rajkumar 4.0K Dec 27 18:59 Videos drwxr-xr-x 2 rajkumar 4.0K Jan 12 23:59 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 rajkumar 4.0K Jan 12 23:59 Public
Note: -r - Reverse order.
-t - Modification time.
-o - Display only Owner name.
-h - Human Readable format.
That's it.
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ReplyDeleteWhether you are a beginner or an experienced Linux user, understanding how to effectively use the "ls" command can greatly improve your productivity. From listing files and directories to sorting and filtering results, this powerful tool offers various options that allow you to tailor your output according to your specific needs.
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